example

Significance of the Study
past several years have shown that increased resources have been expended to place technology in faculty offices and classrooms. Because of this increase in the availability of information technology, faculty and lerners are recognizing the uses of information technology both for personal use and student learning. however, there are several factors that affects the students performance in their subjects involving ICT. It is important, therefore, for administrators and teachers to understand how students relate to the information technology and how they get low grades. training must be virtually conducted, with faculty responsible for students with lack of capabilities in handling computer. With a predicted increase of needs of computer literate, studies are needed to determine the type of training that best leads to use of information technology in the classroom.

In general, teachers must have the knowledge they need to make curricular choices about information technology, learning becomes more than simply a process of transmission. Learners become active beings who interpret and construct rather than simply absorb knowledge. In the type of information technology environment available today, learners have more control in the process of how knowledge is acquired.

Finally, although there is an abundance of information currently available. it gives the understandable way of learning ICT and easy access to equipment and people who can explain how to use information technology well in the classroom. Sufficient research and study with these are needed to determine the factors affecting their performance that lead to a great improvement in students performance .
Problem Statement

significance

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of ICT in facilitating democracy. A primary goal is to develop a theoretical basis for analysis of the democratic process in the context of ICT. The study draws on structuration theory, critical social theory and actor-network theory while formulating the model of structuration-emancipation. In order to illustrate the theoretical basis and its value in analyzing real situations, empirical evidences were presented from a survey data of South Korea. This research makes a new contribution to the body of IS knowledge by showing general applicability of proposed theory for the role of ICT in facilitating democracy. 1.1 STRUCTURATION THEORY AND ICT The theoretical basis for this paper draws firstly on structuration theory (Giddens 1979, 1984). The attention is on how structuration theory can offer a new way of looking at societal change and ICT. A summary of key points is presented in Table 1 from Walsham (2002)'s paper whose focus was on crosscultural issues of ICT implementation. In this paper we focus on the last key point of the summary which is about reflexivity and change. TABLE 1: SOME KEY CONCEPTS: STRUCTURATION THEORY AND ICT Structure Structure as memory traces in the human mind Action draws on rules of behavior and ability to deploy resources and, in so doing, produces and reproduces structure IS embody systems of meaning, provide resources, and encapsulate norms, and are thus deeply involved in the modalities Reflexivity and change Reproduction through processes of routinization But human being's reflexivity monitor actions and consequences, creating a basis for social change By defining structure as rules and resources, recursively

reliability of a test

perhaps the two most common technical concepts in measurement are reliability and validity . any kind of assessment, whether traditional or authentic must be develop in a way that gives the assessor accurate information about performance of individual.
the test is reliable if each time said test is used on the same individual, the same or nearly the same appraisal results occur or appear;it posses a fair degree of accuracy.

factors

factors affecting
1 wasting time(smoking,gambling, loitering)
2 emotional stress and strain
3 physical destruction
4 manipulating computer's somehow complicated
5 computer anxiety

nima m. joseph
the purpose of education is to develop the wholesome personality of the students. this can be achieved by using most modern technology in the field of education

sr. nirmata devi et. al(2006)
found that 65% of the sample confirmed that web resources motivate active learning

information and communication technology(ict's) for dissemination of education is believe ti have huge potential for government struggling to meet a growing demand for education while facing on escalating shortage of teachers(UNESCO 2006)